1. Pay attention to food hygiene, avoid illness from the mouth, and strengthen physical exercise in normal times.

2. Avoid contact with children. If the child care institution finds a patient, it must take isolation measures; if the child has related symptoms, he should go to the medical institution for treatment in time. Children treated at home should not touch other children. Parents should dry or disinfect the children’s clothes in time, and disinfect the children’s feces in time; children with mild illness do not need to be hospitalized, and they should be treated and rested at home to reduce cross-infection. .

3. Contaminated daily necessities and eating utensils should be disinfected. Children’s feces and excrement should be soaked in 3% bleach clarified liquid. Clothes should be exposed to the sun, and the room should be ventilated.

4. Wash children’s hands with soap or hand sanitizer before meals and after going out and after going out. Do not let children drink raw water, eat raw or cold food, and avoid contact with sick children.

5. Parents should try their best to let children go to crowded public places to reduce the chance of being infected; during the epidemic period, it is not advisable to take children to public places with crowds and poor air circulation. Pay attention to keeping the family environment sanitary, and the room should be ventilated frequently, and clothes and quilts should be dried frequently. .

6. Pay attention to the nutrition and rest of infants and young children, avoid sun exposure, prevent excessive fatigue, and reduce body resistance.

7. Classrooms and dormitories should be well ventilated in popular seasons. Daily cleaning and disinfection of toys, personal hygiene utensils, tableware and other items. When cleaning or disinfecting work, workers should wear gloves and wash their hands immediately after cleaning.

The post How to prevent hand, foot and mouth disease? appeared first on Doctorclean.

1. Disinfected dose
The disinfecting dose is the basic condition for killing microorganisms, which includes both disinfection intensity and time. The disinfection intensity refers to the temperature when it is thermally disinfected; when it is chemically disinfected, it refers to the concentration of the substance; when it is disinfected by ultraviolet rays, it refers to the intensity of ultraviolet radiation. In general, increasing the intensity of the disinfection treatment can increase the speed of disinfection (sterilization); while reducing the time of disinfection can also reduce the disinfection effect. Of course, if the disinfection intensity is reduced to a certain extent, even if the time is extended, the disinfection purpose is not achieved.

2. Species and quantity of microbial contamination
Different types of organisms have different effects on their disinfection. In addition, the amount of microorganisms also affects the disinfection effect, so the type and amount of microbial contamination should be considered before disinfection. In general, the stronger the resistance of microorganisms, the more serious the pollution, and the more difficult it is to disinfect.

3. Temperature effect
In addition to thermal disinfection relies entirely on temperature to kill microorganisms, various other disinfection methods are also affected by temperature changes. In general, the temperature is better as it is in physical disinfection or disinfectant. The extent of the effect of temperature changes on the disinfection effect often varies with the method of disinfection, the type of drug and the type of microorganism, and is generally expressed by the temperature coefficient.

4. Relative temperature
The influence of the relative humidity of the disinfection environment on the gas disinfection and fumigation disinfection is very obvious. If the temperature is too high or too low, the disinfection effect will be affected, and even the disinfection failure will be caused. The relative humidity of indoor air formaldehyde fumigation should be 80–90%, the relative humidity of small ethylene oxide disinfection treatment should be 40–60%, and the large disinfection (>0.15 cubic meters) should be 50%–80%. . In addition, the ultraviolet light has a strong bactericidal power below 60% relative humidity, and the sterilizing power is reduced by 30%-40% at 80%-90%, because the relative humidity increases to affect the penetration of the ultraviolet ray.

5. PH (pH)
Changes in pH can directly affect the effectiveness of certain sterilization methods. On the one hand, the effect of pH on the disinfectant itself reduces or increases the activity of the disinfectant; on the other hand, the effect of pH on the microorganisms. For example, when glutaraldehyde is raised from 3 to 8, the bactericidal effect is gradually enhanced; while in hypochlorite solution, when the pH is increased from 3 to 8, the bactericidal effect is gradually decreased; chlorhexidine and quaternary ammonium compounds The bactericidal effect is large in an alkaline environment.

6. Organic matter
Organic substances in the disinfection environment can often inhibit or reduce the sterilization ability of disinfection factors, especially the sterilization ability of chemical disinfectants. This is because on the one hand, the organic matter is surrounded by microorganisms, which protects the microorganisms and hinders the penetration of the disinfection factor. On the other hand, in the chemical disinfectant, the organic matter itself can also consume a part of the chemical disinfectant through the chemical reaction. Various disinfectants are affected by organic substances. For example, in the presence of organic substances, the bactericidal effect of chlorine-containing disinfectants is significantly reduced; the disinfection of quaternary ammonium salts, biguanides and peroxy compounds is also affected by organic matter. However, disinfectants such as ethylene oxide and glutaraldehyde are less affected by organic substances. If organic matter is present, the amount of disinfectant should be increased.

7. Antagonistic substance
For chemical disinfection methods, attention should be paid to the neutralization and interference of antagonistic substances. For example, the action of quaternary ammonium disinfectants can be neutralized by soap or anionic detergents; acidic or alkaline disinfectants can be neutralized by alkaline or acidic substances, reducing their disinfection.

8. Penetration
When the item is sterilized, the bactericidal factor must act directly on the microorganism itself to sterilize. Different disinfection factors have different penetrating powers. For example, dry heat sterilization is inferior to wet heat penetration; formaldehyde steam sterilization is less penetrating than ethylene oxide; UV disinfection can only act on microorganisms on the surface of objects and shallow liquids, and a piece of paper can make it bactericidal. Reduce by more than 95%.

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Public opinion is becoming increasingly aware of concepts such as “educational system”, “educational model” or “21st century education”. This is, in short, the way in which the school takes more and more part in the education of children, going one step beyond mere didactic concepts.

The school is positioned as a new figure capable of imparting values ​​to the little ones. The quality of teaching goes above the amount of matter taught. The school has sufficient power to educate its students in terms of ethics, manners and even personal hygiene.

The number of studies that show that most adults do not wash our hands properly, is becoming more and more extensive. Therefore, it is considered that this habit should be taught from childhood, raising awareness among children about the importance of personal hygiene in general and hand cleaning in particular.

It is about converting what to adults may seem an obligation into a habit that must be internalized since childhood.

More and more schools are giving talks about the importance of hygiene, trying to show their students that hand hygiene is directly related to terms of health and personal well-being. Only if we work this from the base can we get a fully aware society in the future.

The post The school: a pillar to educate children in hand hygiene appeared first on Doctorclean.

hand clean, soap, washing

José Luis Alfonso Sánchez, vice president of the Spanish Society of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Hygiene (Sempsph), consulted by Pharmaceutical Courier, insists that there are a lot of infectious pathologies that can be spread from one person to another by contaminated hands, and in which washing and wearing gloves is essential. These include “gastrointestinal infections, such as salmonellosis or shigellosis, and respiratory infections, such as those caused by influenza or mycobacterium.” As an example, the Spanish Association of Pediatrics (AEP) confirms that frequent hand washing by parents, professionals and caregivers, as well as those under three years of age, reduces the prevalence of respiratory infections between 20 and 30 percent, according to a study published in Pediatrics.

Alfonso Sánchez insists on the importance of this practice, especially since multiresistant pathogens can cause serious complications in people with some forms of gastrointestinal and respiratory infections, especially in young children, the elderly and those with a weakened immune system.

What is the best method
The question that arises is: what are the best products for hand washing? The vice president of the Sempsph explains that we must distinguish when the hands are visibly dirty (for example, by blood or body fluids) from when they are not apparently. In the first case, it is recommended to use soap and water. “It is also indicated when there are infections due to Clostridium difficile or Candida auris,” he adds. Gerardo Rodríguez Martínez, coordinator of the Health Promotion Committee of the AEP, recalls that it is an “accessible, classic and valid method for any medium and person, and that it has shown efficacy”.

On the other hand, when the hands are not dirty, an alcohol-based disinfectant can be used. “In this situation it is recommended because it acts on gram positive and negative germs, mycobacteria, fungi and viruses and its action is very fast (1 minute).” According to its indications, the optimum alcohol concentration should be between 60 and 95 percent and not have persistent activity, ”adds Alfonso Sánchez.

Cristina Vico, of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV), recalls that the boom of hydroalcoholic gels arises with the increase of devices with these solutions that hospitals and health centers offer to patients and companions. But he clarifies: “Multiple studies show that hand sanitizers have their main role precisely in these environments, in hospitals, where the hands come into contact with microorganisms without presenting excessive dirt. In community settings, where the hands may be dirtier or have more fat, these disinfectants do not work well. ”

It also warns that, from the dermatological point of view, “subjecting the skin of the hands to a constant washing can cause contact dermatitis due to the irritant effect of both hydroalcoholic solutions and frequent contact with water and soap.” According to the expert, in most cases, with increasing the usual hydration, it is enough. ”

Another option is that the product of choice contains moisturizers, which do not inhibit the action of alcohol or oils to increase skin hydration and replace skin lipids, which are altered or depleted, says the spokesman for the Sempsph.

It is recommended that alcohol solutions also contain moisturizers and / or oils so that the skin is hydrated

And the gloves?
Regarding gloves (which can be made of latex, vinyl or nitrile), Rodríguez Martínez defends that they are reserved for techniques that need asepsis in hospital settings and health centers, especially for the management of utensils and invasive techniques (sutures, punctures , soundings, etc.) ”.

From the same opinion is Vico, who states that its use “is not systematically necessary for the prevention of common infectious diseases.”

In the blacksmith’s house, wooden spoon
The World Health Organization says that 61 percent of healthcare workers do not wash their hands when necessary and 31 percent of patients get an infection in the surgical area. From the Vithas Nisa group it is remembered that during the usual tasks.

The post If your hands are dirty, it is best to use soap and water appeared first on Doctorclean.

Q1: Where can the child be infected with hand, foot and mouth disease, what happens after the infection?

A1: From the results of previous disposal and monitoring, there have been cases of aggregation or sporadic cases of hand, foot and mouth disease in primary and secondary schools and child care institutions, community public recreation areas, private teaching institutions, and families. At present, most of the hand, foot and mouth disease is a mild case, there will be fever and herpes on the foot and mouth, but very severe cases will appear severe symptoms, high fever, lungs, brain symptoms, etc., need timely hospitalization.

Q2: Some classes are closed after the school has a foot and mouth disease. Many courses have been cancelled. What should I do if I have a problem?

A2: The stability of the school’s teaching order is related to the daily learning and arrangement of each student and parent. If isolation measures are not taken at the beginning of the spread of the disease, the impact on the teaching order will be greater when a major outbreak occurs. Therefore, in order not to cause a wider spread of the disease, according to the need for prevention and control, the class needs to be closed if necessary. Involved in the study courses, etc., the school will arrange measures such as remedial classes to minimize the impact.

Q3: Why is the child already isolated and will be sick?

A3: There are 2 possibilities. One is infected in school, is in an incubation period, and only happens when you go home. Another is that you are infected during the process of isolation from home.

Q4: The school has taken disinfection and morning inspection measures. Why are there still students suffering from the disease?

A4: There are several possibilities. First, the morning check failed to screen the sick students. Because the disease is at an early stage, the symptoms are not obvious. Therefore, parents need to cooperate to pay attention to the children’s health during the epidemic. If there is fever, rash, etc., see a doctor in time, and then send it to school after recovery; second, the child’s hand hygiene needs to be further strengthened. Because hand, foot and mouth disease is mainly infected by hand contact with pollutants, it is very important to educate children to wash their hands frequently. Third, the current social tutoring classes are very common, students are infected outside the school; fourth is the increase in the number of second-child families. Kindergartens are the mainstay, but if there is a source of infection in the family, the risk of being infected is also high; the fifth is infected in the public playground of the community. There are other ways of infection.

Therefore, in the event of a cluster of epidemics in schools or child care institutions, schools and parents need to cooperate with professional institutions to implement various prevention and control measures. In general, if the measures are taken right, the disease can be better controlled after 1-2 longest incubation periods, and it will have the effect of “quick fix”. If for various reasons, if you are unwilling to implement the measures, the disease is likely to spread and pass on. The ultimate damage is the health of the students and the normal teaching order of the school.

Q5: Children who are isolated from home are very bored. Can they be sent to the community for a cram school?

A5: It is recommended to stay at home during the isolated observation period, not to be in a crowded place, on the one hand to reduce the risk of infection, on the other hand, you may be in the incubation period and reduce the risk of infection.

Q6: Why do teachers have to check when they return to school? Is it not enough to return to school?

A6: With the proof of returning to school, in theory, the clinician who issued the certificate believes that the child’s superficial symptoms have healed. However, in some cases, the child’s rash still exists, or is still feverish, and does not completely heal. In this case, it is still contagious. In addition, in the initial stage of hand, foot and mouth disease symptoms, but there is still the possibility of detoxification, still infectious.

Then science time to isolate. According to the latest document, the isolation period for cases of hand, foot and mouth disease is: 1 week after the disappearance of symptoms; the medical observation period of close contacts is 14 days.

Q7: Why are one or two children infected with the entire class? And one off for two weeks?

A7: Many parents think that they are sick and have nothing to say, why the city gate is in flames, and the fish are in the pool. Healthy children should also be isolated from home. And the time is so long. This is related to the incubation period of the disease. If the incubation period of the disease is short, the observation time is short. If the incubation period of the disease is long, the observation time is extended accordingly.

The incubation period for hand, foot and mouth disease is generally 2-7 days, so the observation period set is 2 times the longest incubation period. If there are no new patients in the class within 14 days, it means that the epidemic has been extinguished.

Q8: Must I stay at home during the observation period?

A8: After a child is infected with hand, foot and mouth disease, the virus will only develop after a certain period of time in the body. In densely populated areas, it may be infected. In addition, it may infect others. Therefore, during the observation period, the activities of the out-of-town activities were reduced.

Q9: Why is it not recommended to stay in class with illness?

A9: Although it is a good spirit to stick to the class, it often has the opposite effect. On the one hand, children’s efficiency in class is reduced, on the other hand, they may infect other children. Some parents, due to practical difficulties, are very anxious to let the students return to school after the children are feverish, so that the children can take the antipyretic drugs and then send them to the school, which is not conducive to the recovery of the children. Therefore, professional institutions and schools do not recommend that children take the disease to insist on class.

Q10: Is there any poison in the disinfectant used in school? Why is it a taste?

school, disease control, hygiene

A10: Since the disinfectant may contain disinfectant components such as chlorine, there may be a taste in the air in the short term after spraying.

The disinfectant preparations approved by the state within the validity period are configured and used according to the standard method. The safety and effectiveness are obtained by authoritative certification, and parents can be assured. Moreover, according to the operating specifications, the worker will wipe off the disinfectant remaining on the surface of the object with water 1 hour after the disinfection of the drug. Therefore, regular disinfection is a safe and effective control method to control the spread of infectious diseases in crowded places.

The post What happens to the hand, foot and mouth disease epidemic in schools? appeared first on Doctorclean.

Small bacteria are a big hazard! Busy work requires us to hate to become three-headed and six-armed or even incarnate in the hands of Guanyin.

While doing a good job, our hands often catch a variety of bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

Even super bacteria, which are clinically troublesome multi-drug resistant bacteria!

Then, take a look at our hands after the incarnation of Avalokitesvara! This is the case on the surface.

Office, hand shake, hygiene, germs, bacterial

Actually, it is like this

Do you know how many bacteria are in your hand? A person’s hand can hold more than 400,000 bacteria.

A large number of epidemiological data indicate that hospital infections are mostly transmitted directly or indirectly through contact, which is more dangerous than air transmission.

In daily life, the hand has the most chance of contact with other items, and the bacteria on the skin of the hand are more than the other parts of the body, both in type and in quantity.

bacterial in hands

When I saw such a picture, many people started to calm down.

? “I feel very disgusting!”

? “We usually see a cockroach, it feels so dirty and disgusting!”

“Oh, our hands, if you don’t wash your hands, it’s like holding an armpit!”

“When you bring so many bacteria to the patient, isn’t that the same as poisoning?”

It is estimated that washing up hands every year can save the lives of 1 million people who are sick.

The six-step hand washing method recommended by the World Health Organization can reduce the number of bacteria by 21%.

Strict implementation of correct hand washing rules can reduce hospital infections by 20%-30%

Then the problem is coming!

How to wash?

The seven-character slogan method makes it easy for you to start, “inside and outside the folder attacking the big pill”, it seems like the martial arts magic trick.

Have you washed your hands today?

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